Speaker
Description
Hot-adding a PCI device requires gaps in the address space for new BARs, and extra bus numbers if this is a bridge. Usually these resources are reserved not by the kernel, but by BIOS, bootloader, firmware.
If a bridge have windows not big enough (or fragmented too much) for newly requested BARs, it is still may be possible to allocate a memory region for new BARs, if at least some working BARs can be moved after pausing the drivers supporting this feature.
This approach is also useful if a BIOS don't allocate all requested BARs, leaving some (for example, SR_IOV) unassigned, without gaps for bridge windows to extend. And it can help in allocating large (gigabytes in size) BARs.
Second (and optional) part is re-enumerating the buses allows hot-adding large switches in the middle of an existing PCIe tree, but it's problematic point is renaming entries in /sys/bus/pci and /proc/bus/pci.
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